The concept of human rights has, over the past years, drawn the attention of both foreign and domestic political circles. Currently, it is recognized as one of the basic demands of Western, Asian, and Eastern societies. This concept is among the...

Bahaism During the Reign of Pahlavi II The gradual and rapid growth of Bahaism in Iran occurred during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah. His optimism towards this sect contributed significantly to the growth and expansion of Bahaism. Mohammad Reza...

On the occasion of the destruction of the Bahai centers in Tehran and Shiraz by the masses (1965) The Bahais, like the Jewish community, had and still has significant potential for expanding its influence in the areas of wealth and power. Currently,...

Ever since the 19th century, when Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire, there have always been border disputes between it and Iran. The main reasons for these conflicts was the delineation of the border in the Arvandrud area (Shatt al-Arab) and...

Today, “emerging terrorism” is one of the new geopolitical players in the region, whose dynamics and acting subtleties should be studied mainly by scientific methods.   Analyzing Iran’s Regional Power   The first...

The History of Iran-Europe Relations   As explained by Shireen T. Hunter in her book, Iran’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order, Iran’s post-revolutionary relations with...

Although the use of violence and waging war in the 21st century is no longer as easy as in the 18th and 19th centuries, it cannot be said that the option of war has come to an end and that governments will choose peaceful ways of settling disputes....

After the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979, the long-term vital interests of the United States in the Middle East were faced with a serious challenge. At the same time, the Iranophobia project was on the agenda of Western countries...

A study of the United States’ history of such events reveals that with the end of the Cold War, the policy of maintaining the status quo gave way to a kind of engineering “management and guidance” of the new situation that aimed to...

Soft War   One of the most important elements of victory in wars is influencing the minds of the forces and the people of the target country; this is achieved through planning an appropriate psychological operation and employing propaganda and...

In cyber warfare, new computer technologies target the government structures, financial institutions, critical energy and transportation infrastructures, and ultimately the national morale and determination.   Although politically motivated...

The Goal of the United States’ Sanctions against Iran   After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Iran, on the one hand, left the United States’ sphere of influence and no longer sought alignment and cooperation with this...

The Manifestation of the Role of Religious-Revolutionary Leaders as the Revolutionary Characters   Undoubtedly, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, both before and after the victory, cannot be understood without considering one of its basic...

Hijacking is considered an organized crime because usually it is carried out with a predetermined plan, financial support, employing a group of people, and so on.   Hijacking has several stages from hatching a plot and recruiting the people to...

As far as the nature of the concept of threat is concerned, it is divided into two main categories:   A. Normative issues: They form the mental aspect that is part of the actor’s interests defined in relation to his identity and true...

Some United States think tanks and political elites believe in the possibility of a surprise military attack. The attack could be limited to nuclear facilities or might be done against all military infrastructure to ensure Iran’s inability to...

Iran began its nuclear program in 1960, during the Mohammad Reza Shah regime, and signed a trade agreement with France in 1974, based on the notion that oil is a finite resource. In the last decade, as Iran’s nuclear program has become more...

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the United States and its allies have always used sanctions as one of the main means of changing Iran’s behaviour. The sanctions have been imposed mainly under the pretext of three key strategic issues:...

Actions   Iraq   The first practical step that the United States had to take was entering Iraq and controlling and managing the developments in the Middle East after 9/11. The United States government entered Iraq in 2003 under the...

Neauphle-le-Château is a village 35 kilometres from Paris, on the outskirts of the city, which is the capital of France, due to Imam Khomeini’s several month stay there (from October to February 1978) It enjoyed great fame and importance with...