Evin Prison is a prison located in the Evin neighbourhood of Tehran, Iran. The prison is ‎notable as the primary site for the housing of Iran’s political prisoners since 1972, before ‎and after the Islamic Revolution, in a purpose-built...

After 1979 the new Islamic republic wanted to Islamize the university curriculum, ‎especially in the social sciences and humanities – which were seen as “Westernized” and “colonial” – with the help of theological...

As the Cold War moved increasingly away from the traditional Western ‎European centres of power to Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East during ‎the 1950s, modernization theory appeared to offer both explanations of, and ‎solutions to, the...

The State and Provincial Associations law was passed on May 13, 1907, by Mohammad-Ali Shah but left in suspense for more than fifty years until the government of Asadollah Alam on October 6, 1962, when the National Parliament was suspended, amending the...

The word “sit-in” (tahasson in Persian) means “to be in a safe environment” but today it is not used in this sense and has become a political term. Today, a “sit-in” is a form of direct action that involves one or more...

Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (October 26, 1919 – July 27, 1980), styled His Imperial Majesty and holding the imperial titles of Shahanshah (translated as King of Kings), and Aryamehr (sun of the Aryans), was the monarch of Iran from...

Tasu’a is the ninth day of Muharram and the day before Ashura. The events of two days of Tasu’a and Ashura in Muharram of the year 61 AH/680 CE have attracted the most attention of Shi’ahs throughout history. In 60 AH/679 CE, Imam...

On June 5, 1963, the Pahlavi government, by the arrest of Ayatollah Khomeini, plunged into a whirlpool that devoured the imperial monarchy fifteen years later. On the afternoon of June 3, 1963, Ayatollah Khomeini, at the ceremony held to commemorate...

Two days after the publication of “Iran and Red and Black Colonialism” in the Ettela’at daily newspaper, in which, Ayatollah Khomeini was insulted. On January 9, 1978, the people and seminary students demonstrated in Qom. Pahlavi...

Bahman 22, ‎1357 ‎(February 11, 1979), is the beginning and end of the two governments in Iran. The end of the imperial government, and the beginning of the revolutionary government that by popular vote called the Islamic Republic. The pace of...

Sayyed Mohammad Hoseyni Beheshti (October 24, 1928-June 28, 1981) was an Iranian jurist, cleric, and politician who was known as the second person in the political hierarchy of Iran in the Islamic Revolution after Ayatollah Khomeini at the time....

The spring of 1979 was different for the history of Iran and its people from all the preceding spring. This was the first spring, in which there was no rule of kings and emperors. That is why the rescued people of Iran called the spring of 1979 the...

Abolhasan (born March 22, 1933) is an Iranian politician. He was the first President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from January 25, 1980, until he was impeached by parliament after sixteen months. Before his...

Reza Shah, the father of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, seized a great deal of wealth and property during his sixteen years of rule. The indigent Cossack, when he was dethroned in 1941, there were forty-four thousand documents of ownership in his name. His...

Khadijeh Saqafi (nicknamed Qods of Iran) was the wife of Ayatollah Khomeini. She was the daughter of Hajj Mirza Mohammad Saqafi, a respected cleric of Tehran. She was born in Tehran in 1913. Her primary education was in Tehran and then...

Gholamreza Azhari’s name mixed with a humorous reminder. In the last days of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s reign, he officially became as prime minister, and in a speech to the National Parliament, he said: “The voices heard on the roofs...

On November 25, 1979, while at a gathering of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Imam Khomeini referred to the military preparedness of all groups of society to fight against the enemies. Imam Khomeini said: “A country which after some years...

In politics, the term “reactionary” is used for governments that stand against political, economic, cultural, and social developments and are more concerned with preserving the status quo or returning to the past which typically is considered...

During the rule of Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, members of the opposition who were sentenced to death were able to receive a sentence commutation from the Shah if they sought pardon from him by submitting a letter to His Majesty’s court and expressing...

Jamshid Amouzegar was born on June 26, 1923, in Tehran. His father, Habibollah Amouzegar, became the Minister of Culture in 1951. After completing high school, Jamshid Amouzegar studied at the Faculty of Law and Technical Sciences at Tehran University...