There is a great square in the southwest of Tehran, called “Azadi Square” that whoever arrives at Tehran will stop for a while and watch this tower and visit inside it. At the end of the 1960s, the Pahlavi regime was at the...

Apollo was one of the ancient Greek gods, who was beloved by the people of Greece. They believed that Apollo was a handsome, powerful, just, and healing God who loved poetry and music. He was also known as the god of the sun. In the 20th century, the...

Ali Amini was born in 1905 in Tehran. His father was Mohsen Amini and his mother was Ashraf Fakhr al-Dawlah (the grandson of Muzaffar al-Din Qajar). Amini completed primary education at Rashidieh School and High School Education at the Dar al-Fonoun...

Sayyid Musa al-Sadr was born in Qom, Iran, in 1928 in the Chahar Mardan neighbourhood in Qom. His father, Ayatollah Sayyid al-Sadruddin al-Sadr, was one of the great religious scholars of Qom, and his mother was the son of Ayatollah Hoseyn Qommi (one...

Allahu Akbar is the most common slogan of God among Muslims. Every prayer begins with the takbirat al-ihram, meaning “Allahu Akbar.” The adhan, which is referred to as the slogan of monotheism in Islam, begins and ends with “Allahu...

Capitulation is derived from the French word capitulate, which means “classified and ordered treaty.” In ancient Rome, capitulation referred to covenants, the enforcement of which was guaranteed by the emperors through taking an oath before...

General Nematollah Naseri, the head of SAVAK, was born in 1910 in Sangsar, Semnan. His father, Adib al-Mamalek, represented the National Assembly for many years during Reza Shah’s time. Naseri completed his primary education in Semnan and his...

The Committee for Welcoming Imam Khomeyni is the name of an organization constituted by the revolutionary people who, under the supervision of the Council of the Islamic Revolution, were responsible for making the preparations for the arrival of Imam...

The term wasiyah (will) means “giving a piece of advice” and in Islamic terminology, it is the remarks made by a person before his death. Several verses of the Holy Quran address the issue of making a will (such as 5:106 and 2:180). The Quran...

Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mostafavi, known as Imam Khomeyni, is the leader of the Islamic Revolution and the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He was born in the city of Khomeyn on September 24, 1902, which coincided with the auspicious birth...

Pure Muhammadan Islam is a phrase that Imam Khomeini used during his last years in opposition to the term “American Islam.” Based on this definition, pure Muhammadan Islam means the holy and revolutionary anger and resentment against the...

Ayatollah Sayyed Hoseyn Ghaffari was a combatant cleric who was martyred in the Shah’s prison in 1974 after years of struggling and fighting against the Pahlavi regime. Hoseyn Ghaffari was born in 1914, in a farming...

Ayatollah Sayyed Mahmoud Taleqani, a militant scholar and prominent commentator of the Holy Quran, was born on March 6, 1911, in one of the villages of Taleqan County in Alborz province. As a teenager, he learned to read and write and was prepared by his...

Dr. Ali Shariati is one of the most influential Iranian Muslim intellectuals who during the ups and downs of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, left a great impact on the popular revolutionary movement of the Iranians. Dr. Ali Mazinani-Shariati, famously...

The exact date of the first public movie screening in the world is not clear. But according to available evidence, on December 28, 1895, the Lumière brothers invited people to come to the Grand Café in Paris and watch a series of short...

Land reforms   Land reform is an expression used regarding changes in ownership and exploitation of farmland; it means to take land from large landowners and to distribute it between farmers. In the 1950s and 1960s, under the advice of the...

Curfew   Special rules that apply to political crises and extraordinary situations are called curfews. These laws deprive people of their personal and social rights and freedoms under normal circumstances and force them to execute military...

A provisional government in a political term is a government that for a short time takes power to form the legislative and executive body, giving power to the elected people or a stable government. In Iran, the provisional government is said to the...

“Court” means house and mansion, the court of kings, as well as the royal palace but the term refers to an organization that kings create for rituals, ceremonies, entertainment, and anything related to the personal and political domain of the...

Sayyed Mostafa Khomeyni was born in Qom in November 1930. He is the oldest son of Imam Khomeyni and Imam gave him his father’s name. Sayyed Mostafa Khomeyni completed his primary education in elementary schools in his native Baqeri and Sanaei...